tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82118609918836668632024-03-05T12:57:24.253-08:00Primbon B.InggrisYUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.comBlogger18125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-53355017973893296532012-04-30T02:31:00.001-07:002012-04-30T02:31:49.004-07:00<ul>
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<b style="background-color: black; color: red;">Invitation
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<b><a href="http://elihuenglish.blogspot.com/2012/04/invitation.html" name="uds-search-results"></a></b></div>
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<span class="fullpost">Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
There are two types of invitation:</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
1. Formal Invitation </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a
kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;">
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<span class="fullpost">2. Informal Invitation</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family,
etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal
invitation. </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
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How to write an invitation</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Step 1</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
before you write an invitation; decide on the tone, voice and level of
formality, based on the event itself. This will dictate whether you
hand-write the cards or have them printed, and whether you choose A
preprinted or personalized invitation. </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Step 2</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Choose the type of invite you want, and order or buy a few more than you
think you'll need. This will permit you to add some guests to your
list at the last minute, if necessary. For small parties, you may want
to hand-write the invitations on stationery or blank cards. For large
gatherings, consider ordering printed invitations. </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Step 3</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Determine the wording of your invite based on the level of formality.
For example, a formal invitation might say, 'Dr. and Mrs. Stanley
request the pleasure of your company,' whereas a more casual note might
say, 'Please join us.' </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Step 4</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Include the names of the host and/or hostess, as well as the place (with
street address), time, date and purpose of the occasion, even if it's a
simple get-together. </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Step 5</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Make sure to add RSVP information at the bottom of the invite if you
need to know who will be attending; for example, 'RSVP' followed by your
telephone number. </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
R.S.V.P. stands for a French phrase, "répondez, s'il vous plaît," which
means "please reply.“The person sending the invitation would like you
to tell him or her whether you accept or decline the invitation. That
is, will you be coming to the event or not?</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Step 6</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Include a respond-by date on a formal invitation so you can get an
accurate head count in time to adjust the amount of food, number of
place settings and room size. For a wedding, charity function or other
formal event, consider including a response card and a stamped,
self-addressed envelope inside the envelope containing your invite. </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Step 7</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Mail invitations three weeks before most events, four weeks before a
formal affair and three months before a wedding, to allow for airline
reservations. For events held during the December holidays, send
invitations around Thanksgiving. </span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
Example of invitation:</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
1. Wedding invitation</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
2. Birthday invitation</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
3. Baby shower</span></b><br style="background-color: black; color: red;" /><b style="background-color: black; color: red;"><span class="fullpost">
4. Dinner invitation</span></b>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-58109294361280462722012-04-30T02:16:00.001-07:002012-04-30T02:16:34.077-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<b style="background-color: #6aa84f; color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">News Item
</b></h3>
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<b><i><span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span title="News Item Text - Penjelasan & Contoh">News Item Text - Explanations and Examples</span></span></i></b></h3>
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<b><span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en"><span title="News Item Text - Penjelasan & Contoh"></span></span></b></h3>
<span class="long_text" id="result_box" lang="en" style="background-color: #6aa84f; color: black;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span title="News Item Text - Penjelasan & Contoh"><br />
</span><span title=".">.</span><span title="News item adalah salah satu jenis "text" yang bisa mengantarkan kita menjadi seorang jurnalis handal.">News items are one type of "text" that can lead us into a reliable journalist. </span><span title="Dengan mempelajari teks ini, kita setidaknya sudah berlatih untuk bisa menulis layaknya seorang penulis berita profesional.">By studying this text, we at least have been training to be able to write like a professional news writers. </span><span title="Oleh karena itu, jangan malas jika guru sobat menyuruh mengerjakan tugas membuat teks berita berbahasa Inggris, oke?">Therefore, do not be lazy if the teacher told my friend to do the task of creating a text message in English, okay? </span><span title="Ya mungkin saja kelak sobat bisa menjadi jurnalis kelas kakap :)">Well maybe one day my friend can be a high profile journalist :)<br />
</span><span title="Namun, jika sobat belum sepenuhnya memahami news item text ini, sobat tak usah bersedih hati; semoga dengan membaca tulisan ini sobat bisa lebih pintar dari bapak / guru sobat dalam menulis news item text :)">However,
if my friend has not fully understand the text of this news item, it
goes buddy grieve; hopefully by reading this article my friend could be
smarter than the father / teacher friend in writing a news item text :)<br />
<br />
</span><span title="Pengertian News Item">Definition News Item<br />
<br />
</span><span title="Generic Structure of News Item">Generic Structure of News Item<br />
<br />
</span><span title="Ciri-Ciri News Item">What Makes a News Item<br />
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</span><span title="Contoh News Item">Example News Item<br />
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</span><span title="Pengertian News Item">Definition News Item<br />
</span><span title="News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day.">News item is a text about the which informs readers events of the day. </span><span title="The events are considered newsworthy or important.">Considered The events are newsworthy or important. </span><span title="(News item adalah teks yang memberikan informasi tentang kejadian / peristiwa harian. Peristiwa harian ini dianggap pantas dijadikan berita atau [bisa dibilang] penting)">(News
item is a text that gives information about the incident / event
daily. Daily event is considered to be news worthy or [could say]
important)<br />
</span><span title="Artinya, jika ada suatu peristiwa penting yang patut diketahui oleh banyak orang, maka peristiwa ini pantas dijadikan berita.">That is, if there is a significant event that should be known by many people, then it deserves to be a news event. </span><span title="Nah, teks berita itulah yang dinamakan dengan news item.">Well, it was called a text message with the news item. </span><span title="Namun, jika ada peristiwa yang tidak pantas diketahui oleh orang banyak, maka peristiwa tersebut jelas tidak layak dijadikan berita.">However, if there is an inappropriate event is known by many people, the event certainly did not deserve to be news.<br />
</span><span title="Generic Structure of News Item">Generic Structure of News Item<br />
</span><span title="Ada tiga susunan umum dalam menulis news item, berikut adalah generic structure dari News item :">There are three common arrangement in writing a news item, here is a generic structure of the News item:<br />
<br />
</span><span title="Main Events : Kejadian utama yang pantas dijadikan berita.">Main Events: The main event which deserves to be news.<br />
</span><span title="Elaboration : Penjelasan mengenai latar belakang adanya peristiwa tersebut; orang-orang yang terlibat dalam peristiwa tersebut; tempat peristiwa terjadi; dan lain-lain..">Elaboration:
A description of the background of the event; the people involved in
the incident; where events occurred, and others ..<br />
</span><span title="Resource of Information [Source] : Sumber berita; komentar para saksi; pendapat para ahli; dan lain-lain.">Resource of Information [Source]: The source of news; comments of the witnesses; opinions of experts, and others.<br />
</span><span title="Untuk poin pertama, kejadian utama harus benar-benar pantas diberitakan.">For the first point, the main event should really newsworthy. </span><span title="Jangan sampai ada hal ga penting dijadikan heboh karena masuk berita, nanti dianggap pembaca / penonton berita tidak menyukai berita tersebut.">Do not let there be a scene as an important ga news entry, will be the readers / viewers do not like the news story. </span><span title="Misalnya: Pak Momod Pergi ke Pasar Membeli Beras..">For example: Mr. momod Go to Market to Buy Rice .. </span><span title="waduh siapa tuh pak Momod..">whoa who tuh pack momod .. </span><span title=":)">:)<br />
</span><span title="Ciri-Ciri News Item">What Makes a News Item<br />
</span><span title="Banyak sekali ciri umum news item text; ciri paling menonjol adalah bahasanya singkat padat dan tidak bertele-tele.">There are so many common traits news item text; most prominent feature of the language is concise and straightforward. </span><span title="Beberapa lagi diantaranya :">A few more of them:<br />
<br />
</span><span title="Sering menggunakan action verbs">Frequent use of action verbs<br />
</span><span title="Dominan menggunakan saying verbs">Dominant use of saying verbs<br />
</span><span title="Banyak menggunakan adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of manner.">Many use the adverb of time, adverb of place, adverb of manner.<br />
</span><span title="Catatan :">Note:<br />
<br />
</span><span title="Action verb adalah kata kerja yang menunjukan aktifitas.">Action verbs are verbs that show the activity. </span><span title="(lebih jelas lagi baca : Dynamic Verbs)">(Read more clearly: Dynamic Verbs)<br />
</span><span title="Saying verb seperti "diberitakan, dikatakan, dikutip, mengatakan, memberitakan, mengutip".">Saying verbs such as "reported, said, quoted, saying, preach, quoting".<br />
</span><span title="Adverb baca : Jenis Adverb">Read adverb: adverb type<br />
<br />
</span><span title="Contoh News Item">Example News Item</span><span title="Pamekasan student wins math contest in Romania">Pamekasan student wins math contest in Romania<br />
</span><span title="Alyssa Diva Mustika, a student from Pamekasan Junior High School, East Java, won the gold medal at the International Mathematics Contest held in Romania between March 22 to 29, Antara news agency reported.">Alyssa
Diva Mustika, a student from Pamekasan Junior High School, East Java,
won the gold medal at the International Mathematics Contest held in
Romania Between March 22 to 29, Antara news agency reported.<br />
</span><span title="news itemSpeaking to journalists, Diva said she was glad that she had been able to win the competition, which she said had been very tight.">news
itemSpeaking to Journalists, Diva said she was glad That she had been
Able to win the competition, the which she said had been very tight. </span><span title="“Thank God I won.">"Thank God I won. </span><span title="I will study harder,” she said.">I will study harder, "she said.<br />
</span><span title="Indonesia sent 10 students to the competition in Romania.">Indonesia sent 10 students to the competition in Romania. </span><span title="Diva is not the first Pamekasan student to win an international science competition.">Diva is not the first Pamekasan student to win an international science competition. </span><span title="Oktavian Latief, a student from SMA Negeri 1 Pamekasan won gold at the International Physics Olympiad in 2006.">Oktavian Latif, a student from SMA Negeri 1 Pamekasan won gold at the International Physics Olympiad in 2006. </span><span title="Another student, Shohibul Maromi, won the same award in 2010.">Another student, Shohibul Maromi, won the same award in 2010.<br />
</span><span title="“I thank Diva for giving a good name to Indonesia and Pamekasan on the international stage,” Pamekasan Regent Kholilurrahman said as quoted by Antara.">"I
thank Diva for giving a good name to Indonesia and Pamekasan on the
international stage," Pamekasan Regent Kholilurrahman said as quoted by
Antara.<br />
</span><span title="Analisis Contoh News Item di atas :">Example News Item analysis above:<br />
</span><span title="Paragraf Pertama : Main Events">First paragraph: Main Events</span><span title="Paragraf Kedua & Ketiga : Elaboration">Second & Third paragraph: Elaboration</span></b><span title="Paragraf Keempat : Sources."><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Fourth </b><b>paragraph: Sources.</b></span></span>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-67598646853495573432012-04-30T02:10:00.001-07:002012-04-30T02:10:57.416-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<b style="background-color: cyan; color: #073763;">Offering Expression
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</b><h2 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: cyan; color: #073763;">
<b><i>Offering Expression
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<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: 19px;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Ways to say it :</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Ardi?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Should I get you a bottle of water?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Rio?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Would you care some salad?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Offering to friends:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Want some?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Have some?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Chocolate?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Grab some for yourself</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Less formal expressions:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Would you like to have a drink?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Why don't you have some pie?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* What can I get for you?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* What will you have?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Declining an offering :</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* No, thanks.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* No, really won't, thanks</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Not for me, thanks.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Accepting an offering :</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Thank you, Kim Bum.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* Yes, please</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* I'd like it very much</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Georgia,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* That would be very nice</span></b>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-203314946089617352012-04-30T02:07:00.001-07:002012-04-30T02:09:29.114-07:00<h1>
<b><b>Asking for information</b></b></h1>
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<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Asking for information </span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-(Excuse me) can could you tell me (the way to the station/...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Do you know (if they are here / when they leave /...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Could you give me some information about ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Is it true that (they have moved /...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Have you got an idea of (when they leave / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I'd like to know (what he does / ...)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b>
<b><span style="color: red;"></span></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Correcting agreeing with a statement</span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-Yes, it is / was / will ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Oh yes, I did / Oh no, I didn't.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-That's (quite) right.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-No, it isn't really so.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I'm sorry but that isn't correct.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">- Well, it's the contrary in fact.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Asking about language</span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-Pardon? / I beg your pardon?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I'm sorry I didn't catch what you said.<br />-What do you mean?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-What is the meaning of ...?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-How do you pronounce..?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-How do you say that?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-How is it spelt? How do you spell ...?</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Expressing certainty</span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Being sure.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I'm sure / certain (that) (he will come / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-There is no doubt about it.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-No doubt (you'd like to see your gift / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I certainly think / believe that (she was unhappy / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I'm positive on that point.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I'm certain...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It is obvious that ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-That goes without saying.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It's crystal clear.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It's as sure as two and two make four.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Being less sure.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I think so</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I think that ( they will be there by 6 / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I suppose so.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I suppose / expect that ( it is the way to the bus stop /...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I believe that ( he is sick / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I assume (that ) (they did it / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It's more than probable that ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I wouldn't be surprised if ....</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Being unsure.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">I'm not sure (that) ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I wonder if...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I doubt if ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-May be / perhaps (they're right / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It's very doubtful whether (he'll accept / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-There's a little chance of ( arriving in time / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It isn't known for use ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">Not knowing.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I don't think so.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I don't think that (they will give her a ring / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I don't know / I've no idea / I wouldn't like to say (where it is).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I haven't the faintest idea.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Sorry, I can't tell you.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Inquiring about certainty</span></b></td><td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-Are you (quite) sure (that) ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Do you think so?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Do you think that ...?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Do you believe / suppose that (it's a good idea / ...)?</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Expressing possibility</span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-It is possible</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It is possible (that) (it rains / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I / you ... can (drive / read / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-He / we / ... is/are capable of ( doing better / ...)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</b><br />
<b></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Expressing impossibility</span></b></td><td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-It is impossible</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It is impossible (that) (it rains / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I / you ... can't (drive / read / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-You can't possibly ( do this / ...)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Inquiring about possibility</span></b></td><td style="border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-Is it possible?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Is it possible (that) (he will come / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Will he / she / they .. be able to (do it / ...)?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Can he / she /.... (drive / read /...)?</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Expressing obligation</span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-You have (got) (to go / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-We / you ..must (leave / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Do behave yourself!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It is compulsory.<br />You are to .. (be there at 4 / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-We are forced to do so.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-We were obliged to (pay / ...)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Expressing there is no obligation</span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-It's not necessary / not necessarily.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-No) you needn't / you don't need to ... (go out / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-No need to (wait / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-You don't have to .. (wait / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-You haven't got to (wash the car / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It is not compulsory.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It is not absolutely vital.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Why should you?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-You aren't obliged to ...(wait for them /...)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Inquiring about obligation</span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">-Must we ( go / stay /...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Do you have to ( wash our hands / wait/...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Have I / we got to ( go now /...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Is it compulsory?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Am I / Are we required to ( take an exam / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Need we (stay / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Am I to (wait here / ...) ?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Am I obliged to (leave / ...)?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Are we supposed to (read this book / ...)?</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<b></b><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-bottom: medium none; border-collapse: collapse; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 255, 255); border-color: windowtext; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 131.4pt;" valign="top" width="175"><br />
<b style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Forbidding, refusing permission</span></b></td><td style="background-color: white; border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium; color: red; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 297pt;" valign="top" width="396"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Parking is strictly forbidden / prohibited here.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Trespassers will be prosecuted.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-No begging / parking / waiting / ...</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-They won't let me (go out / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-Nobody is to (enter this area / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-I was refused permission to ( use my car / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-You may not (drink alcohol / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-We weren't allowed to (talk / ...)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">-It's out of question.<br />-Smoking / drinking alcohol .. is not permitted/ is prohibited.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<b><span style="color: red;"></span></b>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-53367133600543416202012-04-30T01:58:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:58:24.681-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<i style="background-color: lime; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>Modals In Past Form
</b></i></h3>
<i style="background-color: lime; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>
</b></i><div class="post-header" style="background-color: lime; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;">
</div>
<i style="background-color: lime; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>
Past modals come in two forms. The first type is the easiest and usually requires only a simple word change:<br />
</b></i>
<ul style="background-color: lime; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="mceItemTable">
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td><i><b>I can drive.<br />
I could drive when I was 16.<br />
I have to go to California.<br />
I had to go to California.<br />
Lenny will pay tomorrow.<br />
Lenny said he would pay tomorrow.</b></i></td>
<td width="10"><i><b><br /></b></i></td>
<td><i><b>(present ability)<br />
(past ability)<br />
(present obligation)<br />
(past obligation)<br />
(future intention)<br />
(future reported from the past)</b></i></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</ul>
<i style="background-color: lime; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><b>
Past modals with have<br />
Some past modals can be formed by using have + the past participle of the main verb immediately after the modal. (should have, could have, would have, etc.) <br />
However, since modals express possibility, intention, obligation, etc., they do not always indicate a definite tense. Therefore, when using past modals with have, special meanings need to be considered. <br />
</b></i>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="mceItemTable" style="background-color: lime; font-family: "Trebuchet MS",sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr valign="top"><td><i><b>I should go to the funeral.<br />
I should have gone to the funeral.<br />
Lex might take Karen to the airport.<br />
Lex might have taken Karen to the airport.<br />
Lex could have taken Karen to the airport.<br />
Lex would have taken Karen to the airport.<br />
Otis didn't come to work yesterday.<br />
He had to take care of his children.<br />
His children must have been sick.</b></i></td>
<td width="10"><i><b><br /></b></i></td>
<td><i><b>(I feel an obligation to go--later.)<br />
(I didn't go. Now I regret it.)<br />
(It's a future possibility.)<br />
(He may be on his way there now.)<br />
(Most likely he didn't.)<br />
(He didn't. He had an excuse.)<br />
(past fact)<br />
(past obligation)<br />
(conjecture about the past)</b></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-48769556039426921962012-04-30T01:56:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:56:55.907-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<b style="color: purple;">Finite and nonfinite verb
</b></h3>
<b style="color: purple;">
</b><div class="post-header" style="color: purple;">
</div>
<b style="color: purple;">
</b>
<h4 style="color: purple;">
<b>
Verbs - Finite / Non Finite </b></h4>
<b style="color: purple;">
</b><h5 style="color: purple;">
<b>
Finite Verbs</b></h5>
<b style="color: purple;">
A finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a verb that has a
subject, this means that it can be the main verb in a sentence. It
shows tense (past / present etc) or number (singular / plural).<br />
</b><blockquote style="color: purple;">
<b><em>For example:-</em><br />
I live in Germay. (<em>I</em> is the subject - <em>live</em> describes what the subject does - <em>live</em> is a finite verb). </b>
</blockquote>
<b style="color: purple;">
</b><h5 style="color: purple;">
<b>
Non-Finite Verbs</b></h5>
<b style="color: purple;">
A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only
non-finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund
or the participle.<br />
<em>For example:-</em><br />
I travelled to Germany to improve my German. (<em>To improve </em>is in the infinitive form). </b>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-34253371327033943302012-04-30T01:53:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:53:28.472-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<i style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;">Noun Phrase
</span></i></h3>
<i style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></i><div class="post-header" style="color: orange;">
</div>
<i style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></i>
<h1 style="color: orange;">
<i><span style="font-size: small;">The Noun Phrase</span></i></h1>
<h4 style="color: orange;">
<i><span style="font-size: small;">Recognize a <span class="special_02">noun phrase</span> when you see one.</span></i></h4>
<i style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;"> A noun phrase includes a <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/noun.htm">noun</a>—a person, place, or thing—and the <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/modifier.htm">modifiers</a> which distinguish it. <br />
You can find the noun <span class="special_02">dog</span> in a sentence, for example, but you don't know which canine the writer means until you consider the entire noun phrase: <span class="special_02">that dog</span>, <span class="special_02">Aunt Audrey's dog</span>, <span class="special_02">the dog on the sofa</span>, <span class="special_02">the neighbor's dog that chases our cat</span>, <span class="special_02">the dog digging in the new flower bed</span>.<br />
Modifiers can come before or after the noun. Ones that come before might include articles, possessive nouns, possessive <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/pronoun.htm">pronouns</a>, <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/adjective.htm">adjectives</a>, and/or <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/participle.htm"> participles</a>.<br />
</span></i><blockquote style="color: orange;">
<i> <span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Articles:</strong> <span class="special_09">a</span> <span class="special_08">dog</span>, <span class="special_09">the</span> <span class="special_08">dog</span><br /><strong>Possessive nouns:</strong></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="special_09">Aunt Audrey's</span> <span class="special_08">dog, the</span> <span class="special_09">neighbor's</span> <span class="special_08"> dog, the police</span> <span class="special_09">officer's</span> <span class="special_08">dog</span><br /><strong>Possessive pronouns:</strong></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="special_09">Our</span> <span class="special_08">dog,</span> <span class="special_09">her</span> <span class="special_08">dog,</span> <span class="special_09">their</span> <span class="special_08">dog</span><br /><strong>Adjectives:</strong></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="special_09">That</span> <span class="special_08">dog, the</span> <span class="special_09">big</span> <span class="special_08">dog, the</span> <span class="special_09">spotted</span> <span class="special_08">dog</span><br /><strong>Participles:</strong></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="special_08">The</span> <span class="special_09">drooling</span> <span class="special_08">dog, the</span> <span class="special_09">barking</span> <span class="special_08">dog, the well</span> <span class="special_09">trained</span> <span class="special_08">dog</span></span></i>
</blockquote>
<i style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;">Modifiers that come after the noun might include <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/prepositionalphrase.htm">prepositional phrases</a>, <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/adjectiveclause.htm">adjective clauses</a>, <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/participlephrase.htm">participle phrases</a>, and/or <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/infinitive.htm">infinitives</a>.<br />
</span></i><blockquote style="color: orange;">
<i> <span style="font-size: small;"><strong>Prepositional phrases:</strong> <span class="special_08"> A dog</span> <span class="special_09">on the loose</span><span class="special_08">, the dog</span> <span class="special_09">in the front seat</span><span class="special_08">, the dog</span> <span class="special_09">behind the fence</span><br /><strong>Adjective clauses:</strong></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="special_08">The dog</span> <span class="special_09">that chases cats</span><span class="special_08">, the dog</span> <span class="special_09">that looks lost</span><span class="special_08">, the dog</span> <span class="special_09">that won the championship</span><br /><strong>Participle phrases:</strong></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="special_08">The dog</span> <span class="special_09">whining for a treat</span><span class="special_08">, the dog</span> <span class="special_09">clipped at the grooming salon</span><span class="special_08">, the dog</span> <span class="special_09">walked daily</span><br /><strong>Infinitives:</strong></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span class="special_08">The dog</span> <span class="special_09">to catch</span><span class="special_08">, the dog</span> <span class="special_09">to train</span><span class="special_08">, the dog</span> <span class="special_09">to adopt</span></span></i>
</blockquote>
<i style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;">Less frequently, a noun phrase will have a <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/pronoun.htm">pronoun</a> as its base—a word like <span class="special_02">we</span>,<span class="special_02"> everybody</span>, etc.—and the <a href="http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/modifier.htm">modifiers</a> which distinguish it. Read these examples:<br />
</span></i><blockquote style="color: orange;">
<div class="example">
<i><span style="font-size: small;">We who were green with envy</span></i></div>
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="special_02">We</span> = subject pronoun; <span class="special_02">who were green with envy</span> = modifier.</span>
</i><div class="example">
<i><span style="font-size: small;">Someone intelligent</span></i></div>
<i><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="special_02">Someone</span> = indefinite pronoun; <span class="special_02">intelligent</span> = modifier.</span></i>
</blockquote>
<i style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></i><div class="example" style="color: orange;">
<i><span style="font-size: small;">No one important</span></i></div>
<i style="color: orange;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="special_02">No one</span> = indefinite pronoun; <span class="special_02">important</span> = modifier.</span></i>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-65729756937805076892012-04-30T01:52:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:52:23.624-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="background-color: lime; color: black;">Direct and Indirect Speech
</span></b></span></h3>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="background-color: lime; color: black;">
</span></b></span><div class="post-header" style="background-color: lime; color: black;">
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="background-color: lime; color: black;">
</span></b></span>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> You can answer the question "What did he/she say?" in two ways:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt 0px 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt 0px 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span> </div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Direct Speech </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> <br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use
direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between inverted
commas ("....") and there is no change in these words. We may be
reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone
conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation</span></b> </span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Examples:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 72pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> She says "What time will you be home?"<br />
She said "What time will you be home?" <br />
and I said "I don't know!</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "<br />
<i>"There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.<br />
John said, "There's an elephant outside the window."</i></span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">
Reported speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we
normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs
like <i> 'say',</i> <i>'tell', 'ask', </i>and we may use the word <i>'that'</i> to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.</span></b> </span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> She said, "I saw him." She said </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> that she had seen him</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt 0px 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">a.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> 'That'</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> may be omitted:<br />
<i>She told him that she was happy.<br />
She told him she was happy.</i></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt 0px 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">b.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> 'Say' </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> and <i>'tell':</i><br />
Use <i>'say'</i> when there is no indirect object:<br />
<i>He said that he was tired.<br />
<br />
</i>Always use <i>'tell'</i> when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):<br />
<i>He told me that he was tired.<br />
'Talk'</i> and <i>'speak'</i> are used:<br />
- to describe the action of communicating:<br />
<i>He talked to us.<br />
She was speaking on the telephone.<br />
</i>- with <i>'about'</i> to refer to what was said:<br />
<i>He talked (to us) about his parents.</i></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span> </div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> HOPES, INTENTIONS, PROMISES</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> When we report an intention, hope or promise, we use an appropriate reporting verb followed by a <i>that-clause</i> or a <i>to-infinitive:</i></span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "I'll pay you the money tomorrow." <br />
<i>He promised to pay me the money the next day.<br />
He promised that he would pay me the money the next day.</i></span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Other verbs used in this pattern include:<br />
<i>hope, propose, threaten, guarantee, swear</i><i>.<br />
<br />
</i>Examples:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt 0px 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">a.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "I'll be back by lunchtime."<br />
<i>He promised to be back by lunchtime.<br />
He promised that he would be back by lunchtime.</i></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt 0px 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">b.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "We should arrive in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> London before nightfall."<br />
<i>They hoped to arrive in </i></span><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> London before nightfall.<br />
They hoped they would arrive in London before nightfall.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt 0px 72pt; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">c.<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you!"<br />
<i>He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.<br />
He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.</i></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span> </div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> REPORTED SPEECH</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> ORDERS, REQUESTS, SUGGESTIONS</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
<br />
1. When we want to report an order or request, we can use a verb like <i>'tell'</i> with a to-clause.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Examples:<br />
<br />
<i>He told me to go away.</i><br />
The pattern is <i>verb + indirect object + to-clause</i><i>.<br />
</i>(The indirect object is the person spoken to.)</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Other verbs used to report orders and requests in this way are: <i> command,</i> <i>order, warn, ask, advise, invite, beg, teach, forbid</i><i>.</i></span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Examples:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">a. The doctor said to me, "Stop smoking!". <br />
The doctor </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> told me to stop smoking</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">b. "Get out of the car!" said the policeman. <br />
The policeman </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> ordered him to get out of the car</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
<br />
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">c. "Could you please be quiet," she said. <br />
She </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> asked me to be quiet</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> <br />
d. The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!" <br />
The man with the gun </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> warned us not to move</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<br />
<br />
(See also section on <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060207115537/http://www.edunet.com/english/grammar/Inf7.cfm" style="text-decoration: underline;"> Verbs followed by infinitive</a> and <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060207115537/http://www.edunet.com/english/grammar/ING4.CFM" style="text-decoration: underline;"> Verbs followed by gerund</a>)</span></b></span> </div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">2. Requests for objects are reported using the pattern<br />
<i>ask + for + object</i><i>: </i>Examples:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">a. "Can I have an apple?", she asked. She </span></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> asked for an apple</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<br />
b. "Can I have the newspaper, please?" <br />
He </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> asked for the newspaper</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">. <br />
c. "May I have a glass of water?" he said. <br />
He </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> asked for a glass of water</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<br />
d. "Sugar, please." <br />
She </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> asked for the sugar</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<br />
e. "Could I have three kilos of onions?" <br />
He </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> asked for three kilos of onions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">3. Suggestions are usually reported with a <i>that-clause.</i> <i> 'That' </i>and <i>'should'</i> are optional in these clauses:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">
She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?" She
suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car.<i> </i>OR She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Other reporting verbs used in this way are: <i>insist, recommend, demand, request, propose</i><i>.<br />
</i><br />
Examples:<br />
<br />
a. "It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother. My mother </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> suggested I see</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> the dentist.<i><br />
</i><br />
b. The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush". The dentist </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> recommended that I should use</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">a different toothbrush.<i><br />
</i><br />
c. My manager said, "I think we should examine the budget carefully at this meeting." My manager </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> proposed that we examine</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> the budget carefully at the meeting.<i><br />
</i><br />
d. "Why don't you sleep overnight at my house?" she said. She suggested </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> that I sleep</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> overnight at her house.</span></b></span> </div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Notes:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Suggest</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> can also be followed by a gerund: I<i> suggested </i>postponing the visit to the dentist.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> REPORTED SPEECH</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> QUESTIONS</span><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
</span></u><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> <br />
</span></i></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">1. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">
Normal word order is used in reported questions, that is, the subject
comes before the verb, and it is not necessary to use <i>'do'</i> or <i> 'did'</i>:</span></b> </span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 72pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "Where does Peter live?" She asked him </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> where Peter lived</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">2. Yes / no questions</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">: This type of question is reported by using 'ask' +<i> 'if / whether</i> + clause:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 72pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">a. "Do you speak English?" He asked me if I spoke English.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 72pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">b. "Are you British or American?" He asked me whether I was British or American.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 72pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">c. "Is it raining?" She asked </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> if it was raining</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<i><br />
</i><br />
d. "Have you got a computer?" He wanted to know </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> whether I had a computer</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<i><br />
</i><br />
e. "Can you type?" She asked </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> if I could type</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<i><br />
</i><br />
f. "Did you come by train?" He enquired </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> whether I had come by train</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
<br />
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">g. "Have you been to Bristol before?" She asked</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> if I had been to Bristol before</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">3. Question words</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">:<br />
This type of question is reported by using 'ask' (or another verb
like 'ask') + question word + clause. The clause contains the question,
in normal word order and with the necessary tense change.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Examples:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 72pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">a. "What is your name?" he asked me. He asked me </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> what my name was</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 72pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">b. "How old is your mother?", he asked. He asked </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> how old her mother was</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 72pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">c. The mouse said to the elephant, "Where do you live?" The mouse asked the elephant </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> where she lived</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<i><br />
</i><br />
d. "What time does the train arrive?" she asked. She asked </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> what time the train arrived</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"><br />
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> <br />
e. "When can we have dinner?" she asked. She asked</span></b> <b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> when they could have dinner</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.<br />
<br />
f. The elephant said to the mouse, "Why are you so small?" The elephant asked the mouse </span></b><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> why she was so small</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> REPORTED SPEECH</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> SUMMARY OF REPORTING VERBS</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Note that some reporting verbs may appear in more than one of the following groups.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">1.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Verbs followed by '<i>if'</i><i> </i>or '<i>whether' + clause</i><i>:</i></span></b> </span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="table2" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(0, 255, 0); color: black; margin-left: 36pt; width: 81%;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 48.75pt;"> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="height: 48pt; padding: 2.25pt; width: 50%;" valign="top" width="50%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-weight: 700;"> ask<br />
know<br />
remember</span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="height: 48pt; padding: 2.25pt; width: 50%;" valign="top" width="50%"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> say<br />
see</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">2. Verbs followed by a <i>that-clause</i><i>:</i></span></b></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="table3" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(0, 255, 0); color: black; margin-left: 36pt; width: 81%;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 102.75pt;"> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="height: 102pt; padding: 2.25pt; width: 31%;" valign="top"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> add<br />
admit<br />
agree<br />
announce<br />
answer<br />
argue<br />
boast<br />
claim<br />
comment<br />
complain<br />
confirm<br />
consider<br />
deny</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="height: 102pt; padding: 2.25pt; width: 36%;" valign="top"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> doubt<br />
estimate<br />
explain<br />
fear<br />
feel<br />
insist<br />
mention<br />
observe<br />
persuade<br />
propose<br />
remark<br />
remember<br />
repeat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="height: 102pt; padding: 2.25pt; width: 33%;" valign="top" width="33%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS; font-weight: 700;"> reply<br />
report<br />
reveal<br />
say<br />
state<br />
suggest<br />
suppose<br />
tell<br />
think<br />
understand<br />
warn</span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">3. Verbs followed by either a <i>that-clause</i> or a <i> to-infinitive</i><i>:</i></span></b></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="table4" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(0, 255, 0); color: black; margin-left: 36pt; width: 80%;"><tbody>
<tr> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="padding: 2.25pt; width: 50%;" valign="top" width="50%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> decide<br />
expect<br />
guarantee<br />
hope</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="padding: 2.25pt; width: 50%;" valign="top" width="50%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> promise<br />
swear<br />
threaten</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">4. Verbs followed by a <i>that-clause</i> <i>containing should</i> <br />
(but note that it may be omitted, leaving a subject + zero-infinitive):</span></b></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="table5" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(0, 255, 0); color: black; margin-left: 36pt; width: 80%;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 47.25pt;"> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="height: 47pt; padding: 2.25pt; width: 29%;" valign="top" width="29%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> advise<br />
beg<br />
demand</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="height: 47pt; padding: 2.25pt; width: 34%;" valign="top" width="34%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> insist<br />
prefer<br />
propose</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="height: 47pt; padding: 2.25pt; width: 37%;" valign="top" width="37%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> recommend<br />
request<br />
suggest</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">5. Verbs followed by a clause <i>starting with a question word</i>:</span></b></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="table6" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(0, 255, 0); color: black; margin-left: 36pt; width: 80%;"><tbody>
<tr> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> decide<br />
describe<br />
discover<br />
discuss<br />
explain<br />
forget<br />
guess</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> imagine<br />
know<br />
learn<br />
realise<br />
remember<br />
reveal<br />
say</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> see<br />
suggest <br />
teach<br />
tell<br />
think<br />
understand<br />
wonder</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">6. Verbs followed by <i>object + to-infinitive</i></span></b></span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" id="table7" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(0, 255, 0); color: black; margin-left: 36pt; width: 80%;"><tbody>
<tr> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="padding: 2.25pt; width: 29%;" valign="top" width="29%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> advise<br />
ask<br />
beg<br />
command</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="padding: 2.25pt; width: 33%;" valign="top" width="33%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> forbid<br />
instruct<br />
invite</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td bgcolor="#ff00ff" style="padding: 2.25pt; width: 38%;" valign="top" width="38%"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> teach<br />
tell<br />
warn</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b>
</span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> REPORTED SPEECH </span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> TENSE CHANGES</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Normally, the tense in reported speech is one tense back in time from the tense in direct speech:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> She said, "I </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> am</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> tired." She said that she </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> was</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> tired.</span></i></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> The changes are shown below:</span></b></span></div>
<div align="center" style="background-color: lime; color: black;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" height="341" id="table8" style="width: 588px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5pt;"> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 22px; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Simple present</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 22px; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 22px; padding: 2.25pt;" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Simple past</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "I always </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> drink</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> coffee", she said </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> She said that she always </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> drank</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> coffee.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 16.5pt;"> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 22px; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Present continuous</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span> </div>
</td> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 22px; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 22px; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Past continuous</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "I </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> am reading</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> a book", he explained. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> He explained that he </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> was reading</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> a book</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Simple past</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Past perfect</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "Bill </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> arrived</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> on Saturday", he said. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> He said that Bill </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> had arrived</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> on Saturday</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span> </div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Present perfect</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Past perfect</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "I </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> have been</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> to Spain", he told me. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> He told me that he </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> had been</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> to Spain</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Past perfect</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Past perfect</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="21" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "I </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> had just turned</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> out the light," he explained. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="21" style="padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="21" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> He explained that he </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> had just turned out</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> the light. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Present perfect continuous</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Past perfect continuous</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="1" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> They complained, "We </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> have been</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> waiting</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> for hours". </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="1" style="padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="1" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> They complained that they </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> had been waiting</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> for hours. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Past continuous</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Past perfect continuous</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 33pt;"> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 20px; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "We </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> were living</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> in Paris", they told me. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td style="height: 20px; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 20px; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> They told me that they </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> had been living</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> in Paris. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr style="height: 22.5pt;"> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 30px; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Future</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 30px; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; height: 30px; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Present conditional</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="21" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> "I </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> will be</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> in Geneva on Monday", he said </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="21" style="padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="21" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> He said that he </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> would be</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> in Geneva on Monday. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Future continuous</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"></span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="22" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> Conditional continuous</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> </span></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td height="21" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="262"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> She said, "</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">I'll be using</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> the car next Friday". </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> <td height="21" style="padding: 2.25pt;" width="34"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><br /></b></span></td> <td height="21" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto auto; padding: 2.25pt;" valign="top" width="274"><div style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> She said that she </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> would be using</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> the car next Friday. </span></i></b></span></div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> <br />
NOTE:</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">1.
You do not need to change the tense if the reporting verb is in the
present, or if the original statement was about something that is
still true, e.g.</span></b></span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">He says </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> he has missed</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> the train but </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> he'll catch</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> the next one.<br />
We explained that </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> it is</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> very difficult to find our house.<br />
</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> <br />
2. These modal verbs do not change in reported speech:<br />
<i>might, could, would, should, ought to, e.g.</i></span></b> </span></div>
<div style="background-color: lime; color: black; margin: 0px 36pt;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">We explained that it </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> could</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> be difficult to find our house.<br />
She said that she </span></i></b><b><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> might</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;"> bring a friend to the party.</span></i></b></span></div>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-12678234879755147102012-04-30T01:43:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:45:39.967-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="background-color: #073763;"></span> <span style="color: #073763;">Suprise And Disbelief
</span></h3>
<span style="color: #073763;">
</span><br />
<div class="post-header" style="color: #073763;">
</div>
<span style="color: #073763;">
</span>
<span style="color: #073763; font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Definition</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;">
</span><span style="color: #073763; font-size: 130%;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Surprises and disbelief</span></span><span style="color: #073763;"> is an expression that we show/say when know/hear/see something that rather difficult to believe.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Expressing Surprise:</span><br />
<span style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<ul style="color: #274e13; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<li>Wow! What a surprise!</li>
<li>That's a surprise!</li>
<li>That's very surprising!</li>
<li>Really?</li>
<li>What?</li>
<li>Are you serious? You must be joking!</li>
<li>You're kidding!</li>
<li>Fancy that!</li>
<li>I must say it surprise me</li>
<li>I find it hard to believe</li>
</ul>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 130%;">Responding:</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
</span><br />
<ul style="color: black;">
<li>Yeah!</li>
<li>It is</li>
<li>Yup!</li>
<li>Sure</li>
<li>It's true</li>
<li>I'm serious</li>
<li>No, I'm not</li>
<li>Does it?</li>
<li>It is, isn't it?</li>
</ul>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 130%;">When you got surprising fact, you can say:</span><br />
<span style="color: black;">
</span><br />
<ul style="color: black;">
<li>Do you know what?</li>
<li>Believe it or not?</li>
<li>You may not believe it, but.....</li>
<li>Can you believe this?</li>
</ul>
<span style="color: red; font-size: 130%;">Example of Surprise:</span><br />
Rudi: Whose car is that?<br />
Yesi: It's Tami<br />
Rudi: Are you kidding me?<br />
Yesi: No, I'm not. I saw her riding that car this morning<br />
Rudi: What's surprise!<br />
<br />
<i style="color: #b45f06;"><b><span style="font-size: 130%;">Expressing Disbelief:</span><br />
</b></i><br />
<ul style="color: #b45f06;">
<li><i><b>I don't believe it</b></i></li>
<li><i><b>It can't be true</b></i></li>
<li><i><b>I can't think of it</b></i></li>
<li><i><b>I don't trust you</b></i></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: yellow; font-size: 130%;"></span>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-42896018176416767042012-04-30T01:38:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:45:31.401-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<i><b>Expression Of Congratulation, Compliment, Gratitude
</b></i></h3>
<i style="color: #6aa84f;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></b></i><br />
<div class="post-header" style="color: #6aa84f; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<i style="color: #6aa84f;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Expression of Congratulation, Compliment, and Gratitude</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Several expressions of congratulating, complimenting, and thanking:</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Congratulation ] is an expression that we use to give the congratulation utterance when he/she succeeds in doing something.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Congratulating:</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Congratulations!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Congratulations on your success!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Happy birthday!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Happy Lebaran Day/Happy led!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Merry Christmas!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Happy New Year!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Happy Valentine!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Happy anniversary!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Compliment ] is an expression that we show or say to express/give
praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or to
flatter in order to increase good will, for example:</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
* on his/her general appearance</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
* if you notice something new about the person’s appearance</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
* when you visit someone’s house for the first time</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
* when other people do their best</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Complimenting:</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· What a nice dress!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· You look great.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· You look very nice/beautiful/handsome.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· I really must express my admiration for your dance.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Good grades!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Excellent!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Nice work!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Good job!</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Gratitude ] is an expression that we show or say to express grateful
feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very
often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you
do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Thanking:</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Thank you very much</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Thank you for your help</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· I’m really very grateful to you</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· You’re welcome</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· Don’t mention it</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· It’s a pleasure / My pleasure</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· I want to express my gratitude to (my teacher, my father, etc)</span><br style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;" /><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
· I am grateful to your help
</span></b></i>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-51257104089704223932012-04-30T01:32:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:47:43.701-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange;">Asking if someone remembers or not
</span></h3>
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="post-header" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange;">
</span>
<br />
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"><i>DEFINITION </i>:</span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange;"><b style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Asking
if someone remembers or not is a better way to remind someone about
something or maybe can be used to ensure about memories of someone.</span></b><br /><br /><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span> </span><br />
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none; border-width: medium; color: orange; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; width: 240px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 150.7pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-image: initial; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: black; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 150.7pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 179.85pt;" valign="top" width="240"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Responds If You Forget :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">I’m afraid I forget.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">I really can’t remember.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">I’m sorry, I don’t remember</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">I’m afraid I have no memory of him.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Err,</span></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> let me think. No, it’s gone.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;">Sorry, it slipped off my mind.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"></span></span><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: none; color: orange; margin-left: 9.9pt;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 151.15pt;"><td style="border-bottom-color: black; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-image: initial; border-left-color: black; border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: black; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1pt; border-top-color: black; border-top-style: solid; border-top-width: 1pt; height: 151.15pt; padding-bottom: 0in; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; width: 186.5pt;" valign="top" width="249"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Example Of Dialogue :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">It
was Sunday morning, Rini got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She
was ready to leave for school. Her sister, Siska was a little puzzled.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>
</b><b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Siska: Hey...hey.... are you going to school?<br />Rini : Yes, Indah. I overslept. I’m in a hurrys </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Siska : You remember Sunday, don’t you?</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Rini: Oh, my goodness. I thought it’s a school day !</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b>
</b></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18px;"> </span>
</span><br />
<table align="left" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: medium; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-left-width: medium; border-right-style: none; border-right-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-width: medium; margin-left: 6.75pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; width: 467px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 214.85pt;"><td style="background-color: #f3f3f3; border-color: black; border-style: solid; border-width: 1pt; color: orange; height: 214.85pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 161.6pt;" valign="top" width="215"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Formal Expressions :</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">I wonder if you remember ….</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">You remember ...., don’t you?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">You haven’t forgotten ...., have you?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>
<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Don’t you remember ....?</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Do you happen to remember it now?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Do you remember ... ?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Responds If You remember :</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Let me think, yes, I remember.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">I remember especially the scenery.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">I’ll never forget that.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">I’ll always remember.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">I can remember it clearly</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Informal Expressions :</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Remember the old house we used to live in?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Remember our favorite song we used to sing ?</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Remember when we first met 2 years ago ?</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Remember that?</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Responds If You Remember :</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Hold on. Yes, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">I </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">got it!</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">I know ….</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Wait a minute...yeah I get it !</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Gimme a jiffy to remember !</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">It’s coming back to me now.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: lime;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="background-color: #f3f3f3; color: orange; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;">Alright.I remember it !</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;"></span></span></b></div>
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</tbody></table>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-45431978013402869052012-04-30T01:26:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:45:14.679-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: red;">
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">PASSIVE VOICE
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<h1 style="background-color: #fff2cc; color: red; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="font-size: small;">The passive voice is less usual than
the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes
we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at how to construct
the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.</span></h1>
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Construction of the Passive Voice</h2>
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</span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">The structure of the </span><b style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">passive voice</b><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"> is very simple:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">The main verb is </span><b style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">always</b><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;"> in its past participle form.</span></div>
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<tr><td><b>subject</b></td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><b>auxiliary verb (to be)</b></td><td><br /></td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC"><b>main verb (past participle)</b></td><td><br /></td></tr>
<tr><td>Water</td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">is</td><td><br /></td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">drunk</td><td>by everyone.</td></tr>
<tr><td>100 people</td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">are</td><td><br /></td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">employed</td><td>by this company.</td></tr>
<tr><td>I</td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">am</td><td><br /></td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">paid</td><td>in euro.</td></tr>
<tr><td>We</td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">are</td><td>not</td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">paid</td><td>in dollars.</td></tr>
<tr><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">Are</td><td>they</td><td><br /></td><td bgcolor="#FFFFCC">paid</td><td>in yen?</td></tr>
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Use of the Passive Voice</h2>
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</span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">We use the passive when:</span></div>
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<li style="border-style: none; color: red; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">we want to make the <b>active object</b> more important</li>
<li style="border-style: none; color: red; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">we do not know the <b>active subject</b><table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr><td><br /></td><td><b>subject</b></td><td><b>verb</b></td><td><b>object</b></td></tr>
<tr><td>give importance to active object (President Kennedy)</td><td><b>President Kennedy</b></td><td>was killed</td><td>by Lee Harvey Oswald.</td></tr>
<tr><td>active subject unknown</td><td>My wallet</td><td>has been stolen.</td><td><span class="c2">?</span></td></tr>
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Conjugation for the Passive Voice</h2>
We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in
the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past
participle form and the auxiliary verb is always<b>be</b>. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So, for example:</li>
<li style="border-style: none; color: red; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">present simple: It <b>is</b> made</li>
<li style="border-style: none; color: red; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">present continuous: It <b>is being</b> made</li>
<li style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: red;">present perfect: It </span><b style="color: red;">has been</b><span style="color: red;"> made</span><table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0"><tbody>
<tr style="color: red;"><td colspan="2">infinitive</td><td><b>to be</b> washed</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td rowspan="4">simple</td><td>present</td><td>It <b>is</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>past</td><td>It <b>was</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>future</td><td>It <b>will be</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>conditional</td><td>It <b>would be</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td rowspan="4">continuous</td><td>present</td><td>It <b>is being</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>past</td><td>It <b>was being</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>future</td><td>It <b>will be being</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>conditional</td><td>It <b>would be being</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td rowspan="4">perfect simple</td><td>present</td><td>It <b>has been</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>past</td><td>It <b>had been</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>future</td><td>It <b>will have been</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>conditional</td><td>It <b>would have been</b>washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td rowspan="4">perfect continuous</td><td>present</td><td>It <b>has been being</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>past</td><td>It <b>had been being</b> washed.</td></tr>
<tr style="color: red;"><td>future</td><td>It <b>will have been being</b>washed.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="color: red;">conditional</td><td><span style="color: red;">It </span><b style="color: red;">would have been being</b><span style="color: red;">was</span>hed</td></tr>
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</ul>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-54091479329494060352012-04-30T01:22:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:45:08.055-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">VOCABULARY AROUND THE HOUSE
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Other Rooms</h4>
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<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145"><b>Attic</b></th><td width="237"><b>People store things in the attic.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Ballroom</th><td width="237"><b>A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Box Room</th><td width="237"><b>A small room used for storage.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Cellar</th><td width="237"><b>Underneath the house.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Cloakroom</th><td width="237"><b>A small room where people put their coats.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Conservatory</th><td width="237"><b>A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Dining Room</th><td><b>A room where people eat (see <a href="http://www.learnenglish.de/vocabulary/eatathome.htm" style="text-decoration: none;">eating at home</a>).</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Drawing Room</th><td width="237"><b>A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Games Room</th><td width="237"><b>A room in large houses where games are played.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Hall</th><td width="237"><b>The entrance passage to a house.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Larder</th><td width="237"><b>A small room used for the storage of food.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Library</th><td width="237"><b>A room where books are kept.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Lounge</th><td width="237"><b>Another name for living room.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Music Room</th><td width="237"><b>A room where people play music.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Office</th><td width="237"><b>A room where people work.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Pantry</th><td width="237"><b>A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Parlour</th><td width="237"><b>Old fashioned word for living room.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Sitting Room</th><td width="237"><b>Another name for living room.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Spare Room/<br />
Guest Room</th><td width="237"><b>A room where guests sleep.</b></td></tr>
<tr style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;"><th width="145">Toilet</th><td width="237"><b>A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)</b></td></tr>
<tr><th style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;" width="145">Utility Room</th><td width="237"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Courier New",Courier,monospace;">A room where appliances such as washing </span>machines are used.</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-1301880491839540492012-04-30T01:18:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:44:38.018-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">OFFERING
</span></h3>
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="post-header" style="background-color: cyan; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span>
<br />
<span style="background-color: cyan; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">
</span>
<br />
<div style="background-color: cyan; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-top: 5px; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;">The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.<br />nana : Would you like a cup of tea, Mr, Owyedz?<br />Mrs. Owyendz: Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this tea tastes good....and smells fragrant too.......<br />nana : thank you. I’m glad you like it.<br /><br />Ways to say it<br /><br />* Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr Green?<br />* Should I get you a bottle of water?<br />* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. kiki?<br />* Would you care some salad?<br /><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6793030832982890050&postID=4240983685856502264" name="more"></a><br />Ofering to friends:<br /><br />* Want some?<br />* Have some?<br />* Chocolate?<br />* Grab some for yourself<br /><br />Less formal expressions:<br /><br />* Would you like to have a pancake?<br />* Why don't you have some lemonade?<br />* What can I get for you?<br />* What will you have?<br /><br />Declining an offering<br /><br />* No, thanks.<br />* No, really won't, thanks<br />* Not for me, thanks.<br /><br />Accepting an offering:<br /><br />* Thank you.<br />* Yes, please<br />* I'd like it very much </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 15px;">* That would be very nice</span></span></div>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-46364297082103808912012-04-30T01:15:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:44:29.429-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Narrative text
</span></h3>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="post-header" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span>
<br />
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Meaning</span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Narrative text is a kind of
text that has function to entertain,create,stimulate emotion,motivate,guide,and
teach the reader which contains about story
and in its plot consists of climax of the story then followed by the
resolution </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sosial Function </span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">To amouse ,entertain,and to
dead with actual or various experience and different ways.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The generic structure of
narrative text </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<b>Orientation </b></span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Function: it sets the scene
and introduces the participants(it answer question=who,what,when,where)</span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<b>evaluation</b> </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Function: a stepping back to
evaluate the plight (the information the narrator’s point of view);it is
optional </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<b>complication</b></span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Function: a crisis or a
problem arises . it usually invoives the main characters</span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•<b>resolution</b></span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Function: a solution to the
problem (for better or for worse).main the characters find ways to solve the problem.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Features:</span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•characters with define personalities /identities </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•dialogue often
include-tense may change to the present or the future.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•descriptive language to
create images in he reader’s mind and
enhance the story.</span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Temporal conjuction of narrative text :</span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•once upon time </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">• a long time ago</span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•one day </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Examples of narrative text:</span></b></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•short stories </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•folklore</span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">•legend </span></div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: blue; color: yellow; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-59024017062617032922012-04-30T01:13:00.001-07:002012-04-30T01:44:20.531-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="background-color: orange;">descriptive text
</span></h3>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="post-header" style="background-color: orange;">
</div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span>
<br />
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">1.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: lime;">The Definition and Purpose of Descriptive Text :</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: lime;">Descriptive
text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose
is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing. </span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="color: lime;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">2.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text</span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: lime;">Descriptive text has structure as below: <br />Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.<br />Description; describing the phenomecharacteristicsnon in parts, qualities, or/and.</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="color: lime;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">3.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">The Language Feature of Descriptive Text</span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Using attributive and identifying process.</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Using simple present tense</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="color: lime;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">4.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Writing Descriptive</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: lime;">Descriptive
writing describes an object, place, or person in a way that creates a
vivid impression in the reader's mind, enabling the reader to visualize
what is being described, and to feel that he/she is very much part of
the writer's experience.</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 4.5pt; text-indent: -27pt;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">5.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Guidelines</span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"></span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 4.5pt;">
<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: lime;">No matter how the description is used, the following guidelines for good descriptive writing will help. Students should</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"> include plenty of details;</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"> use figurative language, if appropriate;</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"> organize details;</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"> show, not tell;</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"> use precise language.</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="color: lime;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">6.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;">Descriptive text usability</span></span></div>
<span style="background-color: orange;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: orange; font-family: Arial,Tahoma,Helvetica,FreeSans,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px;">
<span style="font-family: Candara,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 21px;"><span style="color: lime;">Descriptive
writing appears almost everywhere, from cookbooks to poems. A writer
might use a description to introduce a character in a narrative or to
create a strong closing to a persuasive essay. Whatever the form, its
purpose is to describe.</span></span></div>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-67837830257721560482012-04-30T01:05:00.000-07:002012-04-30T01:44:10.406-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
<span style="color: purple;"><span style="font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"> Preposition In, On, and At
</span></span></h3>
<div class="post-header" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><b>Time Preposition</b></u></span><br />
<u><b><br />
</b></u><br />
In general, we use:<u><br />
</u></div>
<ul style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b>at</b> for a PRECISE TIME</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b>in</b> for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b>on</b> for DAYS and DATES<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.do" name="more"></a></li>
</ul>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>at</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>in</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>on</b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>PRECISE TIME</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>DAYS and DATES</b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at 3 o'clock</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in May</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on Sunday</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at 10.30am</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in summer</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on Tuesdays</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at noon</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the summer</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on 6 March</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at dinnertime</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in 1990</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on 25 Dec. 2010</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at bedtime</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the 1990s</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on Christmas Day</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at sunrise</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the next century</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on Independence Day</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at sunset</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the Ice Age</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on my birthday</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the moment</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the past/future</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on New Year's Eve</div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">
Look at these examples:</div>
<ul style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">I have a meeting <b>at</b> 9am.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">The shop closes <b>at</b> midnight.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Jane went home <b>at</b> lunchtime.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">In England, it often snows <b>in</b> December.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Do you think we will go to Jupiter <b>in</b> the future?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">There should be a lot of progress <b>in</b> the next century.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Do you work <b>on</b> Mondays?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Her birthday is <b>on</b> 20 November.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Where will you be <b>on</b> New Year's Day?</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">
Notice the use of the preposition of time <b>at</b> in the following standard expressions:</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Expression</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Example</b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at night</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The stars shine <b>at night</b>.</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the weekend</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
I don't usually work <b>at the weekend</b>.</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at Christmas/Easter</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
I stay with my family <b>at Christmas</b>.</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the same time</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
We finished the test <b>at the same time</b>.</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at present</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
He's not home <b>at present</b>. Try later.</div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">
Notice the use of the prepositions of time <b>in</b> and <b>on</b> in these common expressions:</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>in</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>on</b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the morning</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on Tuesday morning</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the mornings</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on Saturday mornings</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the afternoon(s)</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on Sunday afternoons</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the evening(s)</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on Monday evening</div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">
When we say <b>last, next, every, this</b> we do not also use <b>at, in, on</b>.</div>
<ul style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">I went to London <b>last</b> June. (<b><i>not</i></b> <u>in last</u> June)</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">He's coming back <b>next</b> Tuesday. (<b><i>not</i></b> <u>on next</u> Tuesday)</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">I go home <b>every</b> Easter. (<b><i>not</i></b> <u>at every</u> Easter)</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">We'll call you <b>this</b> evening. (<b><i>not</i></b> <u>in this</u> evening)</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><u><b>Place Preposition</b></u><br />
</span><br />
In general, we use :</div>
<ul style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b>at</b> for a POINT</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b>in</b> for an ENCLOSED SPACE</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b>on</b> for a SURFACE</li>
</ul>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>at</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>in</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>on</b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>POINT</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>ENCLOSED SPACE</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>SURFACE</b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the corner</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the garden</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the wall</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the bus stop</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in London</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the ceiling</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the door</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in France</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the door</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the top of the page</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a box</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the cover</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the end of the road</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in my pocket</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the floor</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the entrance</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in my wallet</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the carpet</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the crossroads</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a building</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the menu</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the front desk </div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a car</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on a page</div>
</td> </tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">
Look at these examples:</div>
<ul style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Jane is waiting for you <b>at</b> the bus stop.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">The shop is <b>at</b> the end of the street.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">My plane stopped <b>at</b> Dubai and Hanoi and arrived <b>in</b> Bangkok two hours late.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">When will you arrive <b>at</b> the office?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Do you work <b>in</b> an office?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">I have a meeting <b>in</b> New York.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Do you live <b>in</b> Japan?</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">Jupiter is <b>in</b> the Solar System.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">The author's name is <b>on</b> the cover of the book.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">There are no prices <b>on</b> this menu.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">You are standing <b>on</b> my foot.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">There was a "no smoking" sign <b>on</b> the wall.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">I live <b>on</b> the 7th floor <b>at</b> 21 Oxford Street <b>in</b> London.</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif; line-height: normal;">
Notice the use of the prepositions of place <b>at</b>, <b>in</b> and <b>on</b> in these standard expressions:</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="color: purple; font-family: Verdana,sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>at</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>in</b></div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>on</b></div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at home</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a car</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on a bus</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at work</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a taxi</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on a train</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at school</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a helicopter</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on a plane</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at university</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a boat</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on a ship</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at college</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a lift (elevator)</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on a bicycle, on a motorbike</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the top</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the newspaper</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on a horse, on an elephant</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the bottom</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in the sky</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the radio, on television</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at the side</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in a row</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the left, on the right</div>
</td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
at reception</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
in Oxford Street</div>
</td> <td style="padding: 5.25pt;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
on the way</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8211860991883666863.post-46062941806919690782012-04-30T01:01:00.004-07:002012-04-30T01:48:52.508-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: black;">
simple future tense
</h3>
<div class="post-header" style="color: lime;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Definition of simple future tense <br />
</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Simple future tense is a verb tense expressing future time .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">When we use the simple
future tense ? <br />
we use the simple future tense when we want to talk about future actions or
happenings </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Pattern:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">*going to </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a.verb<br />
(+)s+to be+going to+verb1+o+adverb<br />
(-)s+to be+not+going to+verb1+o+adverb<br />
(?)to be+s+going to+ verb1+o+adverb </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">b.non verb<br />
(+)s+to be+going to+be+adjective<br />
(-)s+to be+not+going +be+adjective<br />
(?)to be+s+going to+be+adjective</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">*will</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">(+)s+will+verb1+adverb<br />
(-)s+will+not+verb1+adverb<br />
(?)will+s+verb1+adverb? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">What is the difference between “will”and”going to” ?</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">*we usually use <i>going to</i> when the
situation is planned <br />
examples:<br />
-I am going to visit sally <br />
-we are going to be back for dinner .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">*we usually use <b><i>will
+verb </i></b>when the situation is
unplanned or informal writing <br />
examples of unplanned situation:<br />
-I will answer the phone <br />
-I will call sally. </span></div>YUGANOVIANTAMAhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11888945368451957741noreply@blogger.com0